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Title: What sets the much lower beam-beam limit in hadron colliders
Plain: Hadron colliders tolerate only about a tenth of the beam-beam strength of electron machines because nothing damps their motion. The detailed process by which particles drift out of the beam over hours is not predictable.
Precise: Without radiation damping, hadron colliders are limited to total $\xi \sim 0.01\ \text{to}\ 0.03$. Predict the beam lifetime and emittance growth over 1e8 to 1e9 turns from beam-beam nonlinearities combined with tune modulation, power-supply ripple and noise, and determine the scaling of the limit with these noise sources.
Settled by: Long-term diffusion predictions matching measured emittance growth and losses in the LHC or RHIC under controlled noise injection.
Kind: phenomenon
Answer type: mechanism
References: (empty)
Literature status: open
Status note: (empty)
Posed since: (empty)