Lowest equilibrium emittance reachable in electron storage rings
This text mentions work from 2024 on. Those parts were partly written without a live literature search and have not been checked by an editor yet.
In plain words
New diffraction-limited synchrotron rings shrink the beam until the x-rays are nearly coherent; collisions within the bunch and loss of stable orbits set a floor that is not yet known.
Precise statement
Multibend-achromat rings at $6\,\mathrm{GeV}$ operate with natural horizontal emittance eps_x of about $1.3 \times 10^{-8}$ to $1.4 \times 10^{-8}$ cm rad (ESRF-EBS, from 2020) and about $4 \times 10^{-9}$ cm rad (APS-U, from 2024). Determine the minimal equilibrium eps_x at $E = 6\,\mathrm{GeV}$ and circumference $10^{5}-2 \times 10^{5}\,\mathrm{cm}$ with intrabeam scattering at full current, Touschek lifetime above $1\,\mathrm{h}$, and dynamic aperture adequate for on-axis or off-axis injection, and whether eps_x < $10^{-9}$ cm rad (diffraction limit for $\sim 10\,\mathrm{keV}$ photons) is attainable.
What would settle it
A lattice optimization with these constraints giving $\mathrm{eps}_x$ versus circumference, checked against operating fourth-generation rings.
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