Are the CMB large-angle anomalies statistical flukes or physics?

In plain words

Several odd patterns appear on the largest scales of the microwave sky, each with odds of roughly one in a hundred to one in a thousand. With a single sky to look at, it is hard to know if they mean anything.

Precise statement

The anomalies are: low quadrupole power, lack of temperature correlation above 60 degrees ($S_1/2$), quadrupole-octopole alignment, hemispherical power asymmetry, the cold spot and an odd-even parity asymmetry, each at $p \sim 0.1 \text{ to } 1\%$ in LCDM, with a posteriori choice of statistics. Decide whether they are flukes or physical by testing predictions fixed in advance on independent data (large-angle E-mode polarization, CMB lensing, galaxy surveys).

What would settle it

Pre-registered tests on large-angle polarization and lensing maps whose outcome under LCDM is predicted conditional on the temperature map.

Status in the literature

Unverified note: it names recent work and was partly written without a live literature search; it awaits a check by an editor.

2025 re-analyses of foreground-cleaned low-multipole maps still find the temperature anomalies at similar significance.

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