Does Titan have a global liquid ocean or a slushy interior?

This text mentions work from 2024 on. Those parts were partly written without a live literature search and have not been checked by an editor yet.

In plain words

Cassini measured how much Titan, Saturn's largest moon, is squeezed by Saturn's tides, and the large response was first read as a sign of a hidden global ocean. A 2025 reanalysis argues instead for a slushy layer of ice with pockets of water.

Precise statement

Determine from Titan's tidal Love number $k2$, the tidal phase lag and the rotation state whether its interior contains a global liquid water ocean decoupled from the ice shell or a high-pressure-ice layer containing partial melt, and constrain the hydrosphere structure. An answer is an interior model that matches $k2$, dissipation and obliquity data and excludes the alternative.

What would settle it

Independent measurements of Titan's tidal response and dissipation, for example from Dragonfly geophysics, together with consistent rheological models.

Status in the literature

Unverified note: it names recent work and was partly written without a live literature search; it awaits a check by an editor.

Petricca et al. 2025 (Nature) argued that strong tidal dissipation in Cassini data precludes a global subsurface ocean.

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