Alpha-particle losses driven by Alfven eigenmodes in ITER
In plain words
Fusion-born alpha particles move about as fast as magnetic waves in the plasma, so they can feed those waves, and the waves can push alphas outward before they deliver their heat. How many alphas ITER would lose this way is not reliably predicted.
Precise statement
$3.5\,\mathrm{MeV}$ alphas with speeds comparable to the Alfven speed can drive toroidal Alfven eigenmodes and energetic-particle modes. Compute the steady-state alpha redistribution and the fraction of alpha power lost to the wall in the ITER $Q = 10$ scenario, including nonlinear saturation (wave-wave coupling, phase-space structures) and interaction with microturbulence. An answer is the alpha power loss fraction with uncertainty, from models validated on fast-ion transport in present devices.
What would settle it
Validated nonlinear energetic-particle simulations for ITER, later checked against ITER D-T fast-ion diagnostics.
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