Geometric origin of the non-supersymmetric Yang-Mills loop integrand

This text mentions work from 2024 on. Those parts were partly written without a live literature search and have not been checked by an editor yet.

In plain words

For gluons without supersymmetry, a 2024 construction using curves drawn on surfaces gives a natural loop integrand (the function integrated over loop momenta) in the limit of many colors. Whether it is the volume-like form of an actual geometric shape is not known.

Precise statement

Arkani-Hamed, Cao, Dong, Figueiredo and He (Phys. Rev. Lett. 134, 171601, 2025) defined a gauge-invariant, cut-consistent planar (leading-color) Yang-Mills loop integrand using surface kinematics, building on curve-integral formulas for $\operatorname{Tr}\phi^{3}$ theory, with explicit results at one loop for all multiplicities and a simplest two-loop case. Determine whether this integrand, for all multiplicities n and loop orders L in the planar limit, is the canonical form of a positive geometry, and whether a 4D helicity-basis version exists.

What would settle it

Construction of a positive geometry with this canonical form, or a proof that the integrand has non-logarithmic singularities incompatible with one.

Status in the literature

Unverified note: it names recent work and was partly written without a live literature search; it awaits a check by an editor.

The planar integrand was defined in 2024 (published 2025); no positive geometry with this canonical form is known as of 2026.

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