{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"136343e2b52c7fa79f67bf75fd5f37e345d84594b95b18bfb455778a3fd3544f","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["61a45b6778062f41d6ad2f72489390ac1c464456ee2c80329da43c641e179d8b","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"e5f7280a7f4a3bd01f17e65399c1e3a177a5a1665fc044d8c8cb9edfbaba4f19","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"med.flash.human-sparing","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"The tissue-protecting effect of ultra-fast radiation has been shown mostly in mice and other animals. Whether it happens in people at clinically useful doses has not been measured.","posed_since":"2019","precise":"Determine whether single-fraction doses of 800 to 3000 rad delivered at mean dose rates above 4000 rad/s produce measurably lower normal-tissue toxicity in humans than the same dose at conventional dose rates of 1 to 10 rad/s, at matched tumour control, for at least one tissue and endpoint. An answer is yes or no with an estimated dose-modifying factor and confidence interval.","problem_ref":"61a45b6778062f41d6ad2f72489390ac1c464456ee2c80329da43c641e179d8b","references":"","settled_by":"A randomized clinical comparison of FLASH and conventional dose rate at equal dose with a prespecified normal-tissue endpoint.","status_note":"The FAST-01 trial (Mascia et al., JAMA Oncology 2023) showed feasibility of proton FLASH at 800 rad in 10 patients with bone metastases, with no conventional-dose-rate comparison arm; no randomized toxicity comparison was found in the sources checked.","title":"Does the FLASH sparing effect occur in human normal tissue?","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"2e2dc32dac6ac6ec7e14ee79873ee2e581bc7341787becc761351df6d3a433a2","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"ec68d80b49c7b535f199e9f4bafa8728c2587e3f1558ee20f38cafb38d66d5a9","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"0-6nvNUAMjvkVME229FRLFMdVreMZnrcZIpVsRlx52EXUcMMoJFmvGiQiWQzSnaD5VXw8VDKfzqYiTpP2u9eBw"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"2e2dc32dac6ac6ec7e14ee79873ee2e581bc7341787becc761351df6d3a433a2","leaf_index":3468}