{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"7184629fa8f974d1987788a6576948f1e9d4901718efc104916018115fbb639f","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["b7f98c96e7a8a69765f5ac4c5efbf3cab511ac38381511541f66feb7d33e61df","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"f8f39f57b4c6463beeffabc34d87c64a01aeb014e04adb214ee05fc53db1cd84","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"mechanism","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"astro.high-energy-neutrino-sources.txs-0506-flare","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"In 2017 a neutrino was traced to a flaring blazar (a galaxy whose jet points at us), but an earlier and larger neutrino outburst from the same object in 2014-2015 came with no gamma-ray flare.","posed_since":"2018","precise":"IceCube-170922A coincided with a gamma-ray flare of TXS 0506+056 (about $3\\sigma$), while archival data show an excess of $13 \\pm 5$ neutrinos in 2014-2015 ($3.5\\sigma$) with no rise in gamma rays. One-zone lepto-hadronic models cannot give that neutrino luminosity without overproducing X rays and gamma rays from cascades. Determine the emission geometry (multiple zones, a compact core dense in target photons, jet interaction with clouds or stars) that fits both episodes, and whether it allows gamma-ray blazars to supply more than $\\sim 10\\%$ of the diffuse flux. Answer: a model fitting both episodes and the multiwavelength data.","problem_ref":"b7f98c96e7a8a69765f5ac4c5efbf3cab511ac38381511541f66feb7d33e61df","references":"","settled_by":"Further neutrino flares from blazars with simultaneous X-ray and MeV coverage that fix the cascade budget.","status_note":"","title":"How did blazar TXS 0506+056 emit neutrinos without gamma rays?","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"315d8bb6c7164d13b3ddae9a50e7e73f64a7cdf85e0692edea49c722a012bcd0","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"7738583463e68663746a95046d38a6facb6da3ab9b8887455e6718b78327b8dc","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"irbiCWlLTpFJCNTcPyluzHNMlumrfx8J68IiIr6fcLtuSdkSU7mbq34V7uVK0CfIkn19xEggQdrNDHsLexLZAQ"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"315d8bb6c7164d13b3ddae9a50e7e73f64a7cdf85e0692edea49c722a012bcd0","leaf_index":2378}