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Proposed reasons include charges wrapped in lattice distortions (polarons), a constantly fluctuating lattice, and defects whose energy levels lie harmlessly near the band edges.","posed_since":"","precise":"In MAPbI3, FAPbI3 and $\\mathrm{CsPbBr_3}$, nonradiative lifetimes reach about $10^{-6}$ s at trap densities of order $10^{15}\\ \\text{to}\\ 10^{16}\\,\\mathrm{cm}^{-3}$ despite modest mobilities. Determine which mechanism dominates the suppression of Shockley-Read-Hall (defect-mediated) recombination: shallow intrinsic defect levels from antibonding valence-band character, large-polaron screening of capture, dynamic disorder reducing capture cross sections, or spin-split (Rashba) band edges. An answer is a ranking of mechanisms with first-principles nonadiabatic capture rates matching measured lifetimes versus $T$ and composition.","problem_ref":"336fc456cb269ec91cfabe857a53793c885a02c07fd341058d65f678f8c42ae3","references":"","settled_by":"Computed capture coefficients for the dominant defects, including anharmonic lattice dynamics, that reproduce measured lifetimes and their temperature dependence.","status_note":"","title":"Why lead-halide perovskites keep long carrier lifetimes despite 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