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For three colors, as in real QCD, it is unclear whether they account for all of it.","posed_since":"","precise":"In 4D pure $\\mathrm{SU}(3)$ lattice gauge theory, center projection after maximal center gauge yields a $Z_{3}$ link field whose Wilson loops define a vortex-only string tension $\\sigma_{vortex}$. Determine whether $\\sigma_{vortex}/\\sigma \\to 1$ in the continuum limit (lattice spacing $a \\to 0$), and whether this ratio is independent of the gauge-fixing procedure and Gribov copies.","problem_ref":"7984155fdc2e6258a56475996f8597f5d173520933ea8c7246c1cefb5219ca9b","references":"","settled_by":"A continuum-extrapolated lattice measurement of $\\sigma_{\\mathrm{vortex}}/\\sigma$ with controlled dependence on gauge fixing and smoothing.","status_note":"SU(2) shows near-complete vortex dominance; in pure SU(3) projected vortices give about two thirds of the string tension, while with dynamical quarks they reproduce the full value (Biddle, Kamleh, Leinweber 2022); gauge-fixing and smoothing effects remain disputed.","title":"Do center vortices alone give the full SU(3) string 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