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Identify the mechanism (plasma instabilities in the outflow, coherent curvature radiation from charge bunches, direct emission from nonstationary pair discharges) that reproduces the mean spectrum (flux ~ nu^-1.6), radius-to-frequency mapping, polarization and the population of luminosities. Answer: a first-principles kinetic model reproducing these observables.","problem_ref":"4f9d3a2a255c76bfee5f3d56ec9e363dbe4cc640e72f0b5676d94a88db17ec38","references":"","settled_by":"A kinetic model that predicts spectra, polarization and luminosity versus spin-down power matching population data from FAST and MeerKAT surveys.","status_note":"2020: kinetic simulations showed that nonstationary pair discharges at the polar cap emit coherent electromagnetic waves, a candidate mechanism now being tested against observed spectra.","title":"What mechanism produces coherent pulsar radio 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