{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"0db5bc6b160d5b23c30de352721753fb941a9733c75f56662b88695b15430b27","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["142bd79a94b28f292b6a229f6642b4d20eb32b08c55c061300fc3f89ac9c97cf","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"ab284d524f599ba647211030849fd5ab3bace2e5e1a744485e7b9bdd3606a3dc","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"yes-no","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"beams.advanced-structures.dla-relativistic-scaleup","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Laser-driven glass chips have accelerated electrons, giving up to about half an MeV in a single structure; whether many structures can be chained for MeV-scale gain while keeping the beam focused and carrying useful charge is unknown.","posed_since":"","precise":"Dielectric laser accelerators with alternating-phase focusing have shown coherent acceleration and transport of sub-relativistic electrons over sub-millimeter lengths (2021-2023), and single unstaged gratings driven by pulse-front-tilted lasers have given energy modulation up to $\\sim 0.5\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ for relativistic electrons (UCLA, 2024-2025). Determine whether a staged DLA can deliver net energy gain above $1\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ with transverse and longitudinal confinement and at least $10^{4}$ electrons per optical microbunch train, given apertures of order the laser wavelength ($\\sim 10^{-4}\\,\\mathrm{cm}$), wakefields, space charge and laser damage.","problem_ref":"142bd79a94b28f292b6a229f6642b4d20eb32b08c55c061300fc3f89ac9c97cf","references":"","settled_by":"A demonstration of $> 1\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ net gain in a chained DLA with measured transmission and emittance, or a proof that wakes and space charge forbid it at the stated charge.","status_note":"Sub-relativistic phase-space control on chips (2021-2023) and up to $\\sim 0.5\\,\\mathrm{MeV}$ unstaged energy modulation of relativistic electrons (Crisp et al., Phys. Rev. Accel. Beams 27, 051303, 2024, https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.27.051303, extended in a 2025 UCLA thesis) are reported; staged, confined MeV gain is not.","title":"Can dielectric laser accelerators reach staged MeV gain with useful 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