{"record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"314ebee0372e40ec13054652f2c20989787255993422fe5e8cf3aa4b2ec210c3","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["b516ca8d4195c70a1ef721de2023759e0832b674691f43367b81c7d3bd80121c","ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b"],"salt":"45a2e687f06b0935411155cce8a523f7340579e6b733ce2e62171c0ddb32226a","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"value","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"plasma.vacuum-birefringence-schwinger.dynamically-assisted","kind":"well-posed","literature_status":"open","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"Pulling pairs out of empty space with a field alone needs a field about a thousand times stronger than the best lasers give, which is several million times their intensity. Adding a weak fast-oscillating field could lower the barrier, and the question is how much.","posed_since":"2008","precise":"The Schwinger rate in a constant field, $w = (e E)^2/(4\\pi^3 \\hbar^2 c)\\exp(-\\pi E_S/E)$ with $E_S \\sim 4.4 \\times 10^{13}\\,\\mathrm{statvolt}/\\mathrm{cm}$, is negligible at the $E/E_S \\sim 10^{-3}$ of present peak laser fields (peak intensity about $10^{30}\\,\\mathrm{erg}\\,\\mathrm{s}^{-1}\\,\\mathrm{cm}^{-2}$, approximate), where $\\exp(-\\pi E_S/E) \\sim \\exp(-3000)$. Superposing a weak high-frequency field (dynamically assisted Schwinger mechanism, Schuetzhold, Gies and Dunne 2008) reduces the exponent. For realistic focused optical pulses combined with XFEL or gamma-ray photons, determine the minimal strong-field intensity at which the nonperturbative assisted yield reaches 1 pair per shot, and specify an observable that separates it from perturbative multiphoton Breit-Wheeler pairs.","problem_ref":"b516ca8d4195c70a1ef721de2023759e0832b674691f43367b81c7d3bd80121c","references":"","settled_by":"Calculations of assisted pair yields in realistic 3D focused field geometries beyond the locally constant field approximation, followed by a measurement at the predicted threshold.","status_note":"","title":"Lowest laser intensity for observable dynamically assisted Schwinger pairs","topic_ref":null},"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"7a085b50c6e21e5dd021224114d0de53f4289659a4b81de956056622fc05c846","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"envelope":{"attested_hash":"2194a6cf19fa131ba59b2b7c67f1a7efcf1febe4a2220c607b9a094e80e7ee83","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"LG1zKlo1hUPkORF69wojIjonVVbbShaBnp6_ABNuW6HOcKU0hMl9ncu3O7Q6DN_WnKdKwnFHPFfwyIemmktxBg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"record_hash":"7a085b50c6e21e5dd021224114d0de53f4289659a4b81de956056622fc05c846","leaf_index":3614}