{"schema":"pubphys.bundle/1","record":{"author":{"account_ref":null,"orcid":null},"builds_on":[],"content_schema":"pubphys.content.revision/1","content_sha256":"489d31e65622d124d277d2edae43e153bd0f0a553e1b06a187fb4642eb9a230a","created":"2026-10-15T23:43:22Z","files":[],"origin":{"assisted_by":[],"kind":"seed"},"parents":["ce59fb6cd812fc05906d0c60a71c75ea22bc686bcf38e7c3ef7010834d98ee7b","e62d25cdcffc417849c18755d79a1ac46d02b2d2784938595fced3b583859183"],"salt":"58d13313058544afd50bfef4c69e262b8276e4923a795d0b24c8b05050f1150b","schema":"pubphys.record/2","site":"pubphys.com","target":null,"type":"revision"},"content":{"answer_type":"classification","assisted_by":[],"external_id":"cm.disordered-frustrated-magnets.ybmggao4-ground-state","kind":"phenomenon","literature_status":"contested","n":"2","parents":[],"plain":"$\\mathrm{YbMgGaO_4}$ is a triangular-lattice magnet with no detected order and a broad continuum of spin excitations, first read as a spin-liquid signature. Its magnesium and gallium atoms are randomly mixed, which makes the couplings random, and that alone may produce the same data.","posed_since":"2015","precise":"In $\\mathrm{YbMgGaO_4}$ (effective $S = 1/2$ Yb3+ doublets on a triangular lattice, nearest-neighbor exchange of order 0.1 meV, random Mg/Ga site mixing), determine whether the $T \\to 0$ ground state is a quantum spin liquid with fractionalized spinons, a random-singlet (valence-bond glass) state, or a spin glass. An answer names the state with evidence that discriminates the three: the field and temperature scaling of $C$ and $\\chi$, ac-susceptibility freezing below 0.1 K, and whether the neutron continuum is reproduced by a disordered model without fractionalization.","problem_ref":"e62d25cdcffc417849c18755d79a1ac46d02b2d2784938595fced3b583859183","references":"","settled_by":"Neutron spectra, ac susceptibility below 0.1 K and thermal conductivity on the same crystals, compared quantitatively with simulations of the fitted anisotropic exchange model that include the measured distribution of random couplings.","status_note":"Zhu et al. (PRL 2017) reproduced the continuum by bond disorder acting on a model whose clean ground state is stripe ordered, Kimchi et al. (PRX 2018) proposed a random-singlet state, and Ma et al. (PRL 2018) found spin-glass freezing in the sister compound $\\mathrm{YbZnGaO_4}$.","title":"Is $\\mathrm{YbMgGaO_4}$ a spin liquid or a disorder-driven state?","topic_ref":null},"content_withheld":"false","files":[],"attested":{"attestation":{"batch":null,"client_id":null,"id_token_sha256":null,"kind":"platform"},"record_hash":"87e6d8f66c5337621414498d51fe3af1e9c4fdf38c9de702d615d8f00fefce71","schema":"pubphys.attested/1"},"id_token":null,"id_token_withheld":"false","envelope":{"attested_hash":"30558d5aa3140270ac32510cb74d51421d88f9ac066e034ee3be9fbc8afabf73","platform_signature":{"key_id":"c6afc19b31429869751f06879c75cd64ea92654423d15b44be775bf1310a60da","sig":"LjkbaAegwRRzBe9Uvcq8jlAvLnK6Dl2mcMgS_lTQfSJLLiNjumBSsf8DQJLIikK8KgTDjI5Y2NdmByGJA3whDg"},"schema":"pubphys.envelope/1"},"ots":{"attested":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEIMFWNWqMUAnCsMlEMt01RQh2I-awGbgNO476fvIr6v3PxIDBE-5eWD--Z7tgX3oBQGDcCSuMtUgewVtH257K20czlCPAgj4LIR6kJNUyr1xnzZXXRWd0LlXGRiI51gC6-ukqy_lcI8CC2CtbCGG-IB7IY36qaHBBi8t6J0O3e22wn9d5Kn7h19AjxIL0Jj6GUs42PxcLsohPDWxchsYbgi8zcvcnxpGLraWeQCPAgGFFPkdClMn6ErYavgm-IkFtwIDPOeWclAIg9gEqB07oI8CAKRXVORCRjmM8WLf7MUR1bK6fhft9y98pH022iRbj3lQjwIEy6JN28xxcmaT8U-CrGm2ycCSQBCZNWkpcJmM3XNqJ2CPEgET84erh4QMqfDxFWGLBJaZS5EYFN7oYAm7iWbswJgxQI8CDsCcIzBovmyR1v7IXhYg1Z7m0X4dWZvLS_NU94HSk3sQjxIJdQdDsL3v2lA7qZb8kMJtOgaTQmbgchdPcS5lYJqDLnCPAgkPXX-naXR0fRIdS-sEDlzYmtMvSCNH42ESUF0QXb6NUI8CDQo_sIWZiWXaTGRSQBLmU-lHJKskYKqsjO1r02DhB8LAj_8Ajn9YmozHwo9QjwEJ46aM9ZDv3TdtqV3ZbRsNgI8SBOF8pILGf1kodr5MKmQs6Cd93joraGn3g6UPt_-kewPwjwIOG-gmM7bd_eR4AiDMNfluS3xvr7vicLR-sCBr5qtG2cCPAgrVNFrCoeQcCxhlmnE0BzHgR8HQpZAlfqzDDFzfWb8GUI8QRq0WWT8AjZJ2cF_c7k8ACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AI9ZMS1zxd7IEI8BDd00WgJZ0RncsC1Fyai_4aCPEgvxMFrnu7F05IW5INiraQ3OVEYMjNx6JfBxw1Q4jPLi4I8QRq0WWS8Ag2zxPAtI5JsP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjxIHAnv4KFFf4uiYEFJvLxiMxSyz8VowJP4roTfDD9h7bICPAgj5tgvbNF7mxSP4jGGE66ezUFRLnI4g1VTkvuV4VtCPAI8CCxlc1HuKORuHgn7DYIYcDhc4oo99OkTWBEvddBypoa7AjwIFcjjaF8kDNDYCZGaNISlRjvX-I7in-QNwsr4JYQbFJvCPAgnl0k4gs7LuY5i1umiHO-J7My3uBThLJUWQoY9LdVSrQI8SA6-Ft11_K_GqMNWYhkVsVqCFvXSYbp4S8JoLsLBnUzvgjxIBC8_mAE7JBP35SNxDBcG7joLJwURpMxdV2vSO64_jEOCPEge04Coj1xSi7CE8UwqiBGNhPyZ5QdD_YZwn-heSdObU4I8SBgdDSgr3VUx1j8m_pK7-OzMwwFgXeLy43ujffCv-hf5AjwIMl-PnAt4xjoBEVU4-nkyN0NKRa9AvX4kEMfllFyIJS9CPFZAQAAAAHz4rV-uwQFg02bVnEMUFgpIdGKjM4tWuID1kTVnrjisAAAAAAA_v___wJURAIAAAAAABYAFBFys2oc0-U-bYrC3VulGLzND5fbAAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBHLTDgAICPEgMJIBYi46xOIuFDwzJ9nOx14ngW5HbglUf65ORpkoIYcICPAgHgGWEGCDHWgscwT92NOoJ7s-ezbPkyiWr2RnYZDC_dwICPAgtffMyyLu-MscJsDc0dzwGspwSrrmvVAnMNgsgWhHClgICPAgMUl1OfBDUwhp5VZjHwVA0nuz1F5HZTUJCHAnM1L1F3MICPAgStK7UWpnrUueV5EaE7uE0y6BLMp6EANmrbhrTqEBZu8ICPAg5LVW7IHtUL5mNOvPx1hOTfLMmqlQ7t9EFW-KDtrISIQICPAgABgXZ6upFU8qiDQKFtQFpqkjKwl0PsxM4JUjVLlDKbkICPAgEwb96FiOhjlbwI8GFZQ4a5GXwxs4bUdqVOMKrtBWV30ICPEgqBg-wp0c8CAPV9k6J7wIa9_GtQfpWmhpE1zqFZyi2pQICPAg2pZLTVPGJbriiz0UhMytYDVYAXOgQnWDcrMOewK9O8cICPEgxm3QwzbvT4siJzubQGnST67bWv-exYwSPP1KDi7CaUwICPEgm6udUudfjUaM0gUFTylKGDMypj7ptMTG0zmxd_T5yTcICPAgMpOInkjFCVp1pOZhfZnyPAl8hdWGmHzQcrGLgLwSKLgICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPzpjs"],"envelope":["AE9wZW5UaW1lc3RhbXBzAABQcm9vZgC_ieLohOiSlAEI5jsbLzf1tsDn_lPZUYJ48UmKuW6lA43fwoMbWNUWi5rxIOYpDeh6xKA5csPEiJ8fXEE8b0SYvRken4Bp2PaZvBCbCPEgMau0FobCqlz3dOmwgfKHxMHBofsRNy1FrE8sFEXGD0gI8SDLF7xx6hiQTBEggYl8pE8rtd0XY3uboP2rgidqBHXCZwjwIAitlOFRIQrSgphqOnXHLXYB-lnYXGkRO552vm1DYE8ICPAg0NUN4FFaWWw96AdOmY8wzm2weG4cTFh8ZVBgPRdxQk0I8CBdEL0dxsuyiPXCgNtE1TQTMq3J7YvCm-M0b6C2XxpJfQjxIHFYsFHvBjXIoOD4a49U-aWHXxPFN_hSIYN_CeCTLewfCPEgOu1BrS8CJLOSHlpJKWFG_eoQpmwos6QhE5Dl0ETf3NkI8SCRZP0ctidqGb7ZjgNGhZ1hJpAMc97VLUvI8DuO4xChLwjxID89HsXrUag9eRv04qSQX18D2ak5pxDN4H8m3_0Qkp84CPAg3mczMYDKOd7Nhf3ojA9ZvuTsN66Y1NnyYTp9j8GKQNwI8SCvAiiN-Hrv7IEejd8wdUihoozu5KOvpoBFJ0vg3UnGAQj_8Ajn9YmozHwo9QjwEJ46aM9ZDv3TdtqV3ZbRsNgI8SBOF8pILGf1kodr5MKmQs6Cd93joraGn3g6UPt_-kewPwjwIOG-gmM7bd_eR4AiDMNfluS3xvr7vicLR-sCBr5qtG2cCPAgrVNFrCoeQcCxhlmnE0BzHgR8HQpZAlfqzDDFzfWb8GUI8QRq0WWT8AjZJ2cF_c7k8ACD3-MNLvkMjiwraHR0cHM6Ly9ib2IuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZ_AI9ZMS1zxd7IEI8BDd00WgJZ0RncsC1Fyai_4aCPEgvxMFrnu7F05IW5INiraQ3OVEYMjNx6JfBxw1Q4jPLi4I8QRq0WWS8Ag2zxPAtI5JsP8Ag9_jDS75DI4uLWh0dHBzOi8vYWxpY2UuYnRjLmNhbGVuZGFyLm9wZW50aW1lc3RhbXBzLm9yZwjxIHAnv4KFFf4uiYEFJvLxiMxSyz8VowJP4roTfDD9h7bICPAgj5tgvbNF7mxSP4jGGE66ezUFRLnI4g1VTkvuV4VtCPAI8CCxlc1HuKORuHgn7DYIYcDhc4oo99OkTWBEvddBypoa7AjwIFcjjaF8kDNDYCZGaNISlRjvX-I7in-QNwsr4JYQbFJvCPAgnl0k4gs7LuY5i1umiHO-J7My3uBThLJUWQoY9LdVSrQI8SA6-Ft11_K_GqMNWYhkVsVqCFvXSYbp4S8JoLsLBnUzvgjxIBC8_mAE7JBP35SNxDBcG7joLJwURpMxdV2vSO64_jEOCPEge04Coj1xSi7CE8UwqiBGNhPyZ5QdD_YZwn-heSdObU4I8SBgdDSgr3VUx1j8m_pK7-OzMwwFgXeLy43ujffCv-hf5AjwIMl-PnAt4xjoBEVU4-nkyN0NKRa9AvX4kEMfllFyIJS9CPFZAQAAAAHz4rV-uwQFg02bVnEMUFgpIdGKjM4tWuID1kTVnrjisAAAAAAA_v___wJURAIAAAAAABYAFBFys2oc0-U-bYrC3VulGLzND5fbAAAAAAAAAAAiaiDwBHLTDgAICPEgMJIBYi46xOIuFDwzJ9nOx14ngW5HbglUf65ORpkoIYcICPAgHgGWEGCDHWgscwT92NOoJ7s-ezbPkyiWr2RnYZDC_dwICPAgtffMyyLu-MscJsDc0dzwGspwSrrmvVAnMNgsgWhHClgICPAgMUl1OfBDUwhp5VZjHwVA0nuz1F5HZTUJCHAnM1L1F3MICPAgStK7UWpnrUueV5EaE7uE0y6BLMp6EANmrbhrTqEBZu8ICPAg5LVW7IHtUL5mNOvPx1hOTfLMmqlQ7t9EFW-KDtrISIQICPAgABgXZ6upFU8qiDQKFtQFpqkjKwl0PsxM4JUjVLlDKbkICPAgEwb96FiOhjlbwI8GFZQ4a5GXwxs4bUdqVOMKrtBWV30ICPEgqBg-wp0c8CAPV9k6J7wIa9_GtQfpWmhpE1zqFZyi2pQICPAg2pZLTVPGJbriiz0UhMytYDVYAXOgQnWDcrMOewK9O8cICPEgxm3QwzbvT4siJzubQGnST67bWv-exYwSPP1KDi7CaUwICPEgm6udUudfjUaM0gUFTylKGDMypj7ptMTG0zmxd_T5yTcICPAgMpOInkjFCVp1pOZhfZnyPAl8hdWGmHzQcrGLgLwSKLgICAAFiJYNc9cZAQPzpjs"]},"log":{"leaf_index":"2756","tree_size":"3804","proof":["4c7332749682cb93050d4c851b82e3b00dfcfcfe0a271a898c5acad2bf8588bb","60dfd1a04b70ba90dd3e5c362a1efcc64a5af821cb1ff68a1423fc9b752ebc7c","d41a9eb0934f9c4703c72c5bd865eaac69394fa2b360c2e36a9a7c8e54f50bd9","0cfcb219123405f5b8bfad024e0016e0f261a04af1f0d419d56b5d1c0f4e8a90","9b51a5b1db7416ac9c7769db12342f995dffeaaca0aa7377eecd537dbd6be8db","f3f6eae850dca5fc8ba586b2ee55797c02b78f49010455158b6e75788b98169b","4e30cd04a4d17da6f4cb94b533f103f36615770fb4ea7efa838766f685caf048","be758823123efe95d86a912db94fd4ffa5f7f16fd3feb7f5931c6aa849420fa0","c5dbfd47d4733f672f10a08c156fed0942802569cf36e89d6af3957344f7d18d","b0b232078d071c92816af6274529aef23a2ea1f41246694fec32d768cfa09dc8","325287f5a43e4f3ad4072ec4bd53d43c50c1393021a056122e9cb0fad83b868f","3c578dccc15502c5f3efe228cadc99fee76ab536ed01f66b14d316fdcc157429"],"checkpoint":"pubphys.com/log/v1\n3804\nAK6t4qgu96+M9wScTrIlsJ10d/zhKVEtYguyM3aeJvo=\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIPP8EtoxgcsQg7V7CwIdL4UKPqJtpv+eB8sFNJjyQHIdyA1VabmBsPyLqq2bLxJPn57rA6fQi8y0QDDjRXHvlQg=\n","promise":"pubphys.com/log/v1 promise\nb2c2f4677300f22f4e5d449d6231233e258939d0f219927767b7cf90fa10dc48\n2756\n2026-10-15T23:43:57Z\n2026-10-16T01:43:57Z\n\n— pubphys.com/log/v1 JFPwIC5Uo5CSMfkhT1tRTU2NgHg0NRAVcfVznydL3BjCj94wBgYJ1T1sbw6vabwJF0kBWZrKYBtT6fmcuCfo3J/hygw=\n"},"orcid_key_evidence":[],"attesting":null}