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What gives phonons this handedness is unknown.","posed_since":"2019","precise":"In hole-doped cuprates inside the pseudogap phase and in the Mott insulators $\\mathrm{La_2CuO_4}$ and $\\mathrm{Sr_2CuO_2Cl_2}$, a large negative $\\kappa_{xy}$, present for heat flow both in the $\\mathrm{CuO_2}$ planes and along $c$, is attributed to phonons (Grissonnanche et al. 2019, 2020); a planar thermal Hall response with $B$ in the plane was reported in 2024 (Chen et al., Physical Review X 14, 041011). Identify what couples phonons to $B$ (spin fluctuations of the antiferromagnetic background, defects, or charge-order domains) and predict the doping, field-direction and temperature dependence.","problem_ref":"8ddd91734ff7ae2c1c9948070eccf426ff0bdef9e462d62d10c0bb99f588e96a","references":"","settled_by":"A microscopic coupling that predicts doping, field-direction and temperature dependence, checked across hole- and electron-doped cuprates and across defect densities.","status_note":"","title":"Origin of the large phonon thermal Hall effect in 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