Space charge, halo and loss in high-intensity hadron beams
In very intense proton beams the particles' mutual repulsion drives a few of them onto large orbits, forming a faint halo that hits the walls. Losing even a part per million per turn makes the machine radioactive.
Why it matters
Halo losses cap the beam power of spallation neutron sources, neutrino beams and accelerator-driven reactors.
Review
I. Hofmann, Space Charge Physics for Particle Accelerators, Springer, 2017. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-62157-9 reference checked
Timestamp record
- Signed record
- 416111fd7e6f…
- Public log
- Entry 75, in checkpoint 2,123
- In the log by
- Block 969,698, 2026-10-03
This text was in the PubPhys log by that date. The date says nothing about when the problem was first posed.