Supercooled water, the hydrated proton and electron
Water behaves unlike most liquids: it is densest at 4 C and its compressibility and heat capacity grow sharply as it is cooled below freezing without crystallizing. How an extra proton or an extra electron is arranged in water, and how protons move through it so fast, is also only partly understood.
Why it matters
Water is the medium of most chemistry and all biology, and its anomalies, proton transport and radiation chemistry enter climate, electrochemistry and enzyme function.
Review
P. Gallo et al., Water: A Tale of Two Liquids, Chemical Reviews, 2016. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00750 reference checked
Timestamp record
- Signed record
- 8ba87b9cdffe…
- Public log
- Entry 109, in checkpoint 2,123
- In the log by
- Block 969,698, 2026-10-03
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